Today it has approximately 26,000 students.[25]. Brazzaville lies on a large area to the north of the Congo River, near the Pool Malebo. Burning the peat would release too much carbon and raise the earth's temperature. Industries present in Brazzaville include machine shops, textiles, tanning, and manufacturing. Since Brazzaville is south of the equator, its dry season begins at around its "winter" solstice, which is the month of June. The project has proceeded intermittently, but work is slated to begin in August 2020 after receiving a $210m loan from the African Development Bank. The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 1.8 million residents, … Although there is no organised public transport system, privately owned buses are available in the capital.[30]. In 1980 it became a "commune," separated from the surrounding Pool Department and divided into nine "arrondissements" (boroughs) along the French model of administration. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login, COPYRIGHT: © International African Institute 2016, L’Église du prophète Kimbangu. Théorie, connaissance, histoire, Le “deuxième monde” et les “enfants-sorciers” en République Démocratique du Congo, Death matters: intimacy, violence and the production of social knowledge by urban youth in the Democratic Republic of Congo, La ville de Kinshasa, une architecture du verbe, Le “combat pour l'intégration” des églises issues du Réveil congolais (RDC), Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, De la transgression des normes morales et sexuelles dans les églises de réveil congolaises (en RDC et en diaspora), Postcolonial stakes of DRC political space: 50 years after independence, Géographies religieuses et migrations postcoloniales: déclinaisons kimbanguistes, pentecôtistes, olangistes en Belgique, Les échelles du pluralisme religieux en Afrique subsaharienne, La Cause des prophètes: politique et religion en Afrique contemporain, ‘Il faut défendre la société’: cours au Collège de France, Hautes Études, Éditions Gallimard and Éditions du Seuil, Art and Agency: an anthropological theory, Les identités régionales et ethniques dans l'Ouest de la République démocratique du 49 Congo (Bas-Congo et Kwango-Kwilu), Constructions, négociations et dérives des identités régionales dans les États des Grands Lacs africains: approche comparative, Chaire de recherche du Canada en histoire comparée de la mémoire, Université Laval and Réseau Démographie, Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), Unité d’enseignement et de recherche sur l’histoire de la mémoire, Institut pédagogique supérieur, Église catholique et mutations socio-politiques au Congo-Zaïre. The Brazzaville–Kinshasa Bridge is a planned road-rail bridge that will connect Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, two major capital cities on the Congo River. These processes express a radical paradigm shift that we place within the context of the relationship between Africanity and religious pluralism that has become evident in these two religious areas in recent years. De ses origines à son rôle actuel au Zaïre, Non-places: introduction to an anthropology of supermodernity, Messianismes et nationalismes en Afrique Noire, The Sociology of Black Africa: social dynamics in central Africa, Fait missionnaire et politique du ventre: une lecture foucaldienne, Provincializing Europe: postcolonial thought and historical difference, Zombies et frontières à l’ère néolibérale. The declaration to save peatlands as the world's largest terrestrial organic carbon stock was signed by Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, and Indonesia, which also has peatlands. The city has relatively consistent temperatures throughout the course of the year. [4] The Livingstone Falls lie on the outskirts of the city, where the Djoué River meets the Congo, rendering river transport to the coast impossible, qualifying the railway as a portage railway. [7][6], The local King, Makoko of the Téké, signed a treaty of protection with de Brazza, which subjugated his lands to the French Empire. Brazzaville covers a large area to the north of the Congo River, just below the Pool Malebo. Jean-Jacques Youlou & Scholastique Dianzinga, "Une capitale dans l'histoire"; Chapter 1 in, Brazzaville.cg (site officiel de la commune de Brazzaville), ", Last edited on 23 September 2020, at 20:44, Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa, Lycée Français Saint-Exupéry de Brazzaville, Station ID for Brazzaville/ Maya–Maya is 64450, "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Brazzaville, Zahlé, Kraków and Fabriano designated UNESCO Creative Cities", "Face-off over the Congo: the long rivalry between Kinshasa and Brazzaville", "Historic agreement signed to protect the world's largest tropical peatland", DRC Threatens Legal Action over Deportations from Congo-Brazzaville, "Heavy gunfire in Congo-Brazzaville capital as police battle militia", "Répartition de la population par Départements et Communes en 1984 et projetée de 2000 à 2015", "Congo (Rep.): Departments, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts", "Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps", "DRC, Congo sign $500m deal to build Kinshasa-Brazzaville connecting bridge", "Klimatafel von Brazzaville (Flugh.) [3], Coordinates: 04°15′33″S 15°17′05″E / 4.25917°S 15.28472°E / -4.25917; 15.28472, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Railway stations in the Republic of the Congo, List of railway stations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "Brazzaville-Kinshasa rail/road bridge project - a project in Congo", "Building today, a better Africa tomorrow", "Road-rail bridge between Brazzaville and Kinshasa [Business Africa]", http://www.e-ships.net/ports/Congo/1143.htm, http://www.e-ships.net/ports/Congo%20(Democratic%20Republic)/1148.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazzaville–Kinshasa_Bridge&oldid=971844501, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Amongst other things, the proposed bridge would connect Kinshasa via rail to the deepwater 10.46 m draft port at, The railway systems of both countries use the same gauge, namely. The United Nations Population Division estimate for 2014 is 1.83 million. ", Tiepolo, M. (1996) "City Profile: Brazzaville" in, Cultural reference: In the final scene of the 1942 film, Casablanca, it is to Brazzaville that Captain Renault (Claude Rains) suggests he and Rick (Humphrey Bogart) might escape to together for "vacation" and, as Rick counters, "the beginning of a beautiful friendship. Usage data cannot currently be displayed. [9], In 1934 the Congo-Océan railway came into service, linking Brazzaville with the Atlantic port of Pointe-Noire and bypassing the rapids on the Congo River. Kinshasa is more than five times larger than Brazzaville in population. The Marien Ngouabi Mausoleum, Brazzaville Zoo, and the Poto-Poto School of Painting are also destinations for visitors and city residents. The Brazzaville–Kinshasa Bridge is a planned road-rail bridge that will connect Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, two major capital cities on the Congo River. Brazzaville is 506 kilometres (314 miles) inland from the Atlantic Ocean and approximately 474 kilometres (295 miles) south of the equator. The city is home to Maya-Maya Airport, which lies in the centre of the city and which has regular flights to Pointe-Noire as well as international destinations in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. In recent decades, Kinshasa and Brazzaville have given rise to movements of prophecy, messianic fervour and revival (Pentecostalist in nature) in the field of religion. Many Congolese converted to Catholicism during the French colonial period. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection. [6] The Italian-born explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, who was granted French citizenship in 1874, officially founded the settlement on 10 September 1880; it commemorates his name . [6] From October 1880 until May 1882, a small squad of troops led by Senegalese Sergeant Malamine Camara occupied the site, in order to prevent the land from falling into Belgian hands. Many companies, government organizations and NGOs have regional offices in the capital city, where they can work with government officials. Depuis quelques décennies, les champs religieux kinois et brazzavillois donnent à voir des mouvements prophétiques, messianiques et de réveil (pentecôtistes) dont les schémas de libération et de délivrance traduisent des politiques identitaires pour lesquelles l'africanité, au sens ethnique et national, est non seulement un enjeu majeur, mais une composante de plus en plus associée à des conflits armés. / Kongo", "La Gazelle train Brazzaville to Pointe Noire", Bibliography of the history of Brazzaville, BRAKIN, the fusion city of Brazzaville and Kinshasa, Maria Petringa's 1997 biographical article on Savorgnan de Brazza, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazzaville&oldid=979969972, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows), American International School of Brazzaville, Chavannes, Charles de. La magie du système capitaliste, La Guérison divine en Afrique centrale (Congo, Gabon), Le Souverain moderne. As a key port on the Congo River, Brazzaville still takes deliveries of raw materials, such as rubber, wood, and agricultural products. Full text views reflects the number of PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views. Brazzaville (French pronunciation: , Kongo: Balazavile; Teke: Ncuna) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo (Congo Republic). [4], The Congo-Ocean Railway has a station in the city and in 2014 was operating the La Gazelle train service every other day to Pointe-Noire and intermediate destinations.[29]. While in Brazzaville, you might be interested in taking a trip to Kinshasa to get another stamp in your passport and have yet another adventure. A road-rail bridge is proposed to connect Brazzaville with Kinshasa. Examples include the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Brazzaville and Gabon (Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa), Evangelical Church of Congo (World Communion of Reformed Churches), and Assemblies of God. Downriver the Congo has numerous rapids, known as Livingston Falls, preventing navigation upriver to this point from its mouth at the Atlantic. [8] From 1910–1915 the major municipal buildings were constructed, including a courthouse and headquarters for the Banque de l'AEF and Institut Pasteur. [31]. Le cas de l'Afrique du sud post-apartheid, Le colonialisme en question. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. The first large-scale building work of the city began four years later, as the French competed with Léopoldville (now Kinshasa) which Belgian colonists were developing on the south side of the river. Their forces were active on the south side of the river, where King Leopold II ruled the Belgian Congo for a period as a private holding. La contestation du régime de Mobutu, L'Harmattan and Congo/Zaïre Histoire & Société, Political Spiritualities: the Pentecostal revolution in Nigeria, Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville, La religion des anthropologues et l'anthropologie religieuse des théologiens, Approches scientifiques des faits religieux, Anthropologie du néokimbanguisme: un imaginaire fragmenté et délocalisé, Les églises de Réveil et l'imaginaire sorcelaire au Congo, Les Églises et la société congolaise aujourd'hui, La société zaïroise dans le miroir de son discours religieux (1990–1993), Les magiciens du repentir: les confessions de Frère Dominique (Sakombi Inongo), Anthropology and Social Theory: culture, power, and the acting subject, Media celebrity, charisma and morality in post-Mobutu Kinshasa, Confession cum deliverance: in/dividuality of the subject among Kinshasa's born-again Christians, Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: race and the intimate in colonial rule, Imperial debris: reflections on ruins and ruination, La démocratie aux risques du prophétisme et du corps-sexe féminin, La guerre dans le “Camp Nord” au Congo-Brazzaville: ethnicité et ethos de la consommation/consummation, Enjeux du deuil et négociations des rapports sociaux des sexes au Congo, Pentecôtisme et “contentieux materiel” en Afrique centrale. [10], During World War II Brazzaville and the rest of French Equatorial Africa remained beyond the control of Vichy France, which served the Nazi occupation. In recent decades, Kinshasa and Brazzaville have given rise to movements of prophecy, messianic fervour and revival (Pentecostalist in nature) in the field of religion. [5], Brazzaville was founded by the French colonial empire upon an existing indigenous Bateke settlement called Ncuna, during the Scramble for Africa when European nations established spheres of influence on the continent. If one line is closed, for example by floods, traffic can be diverted to the other line. About twenty percent of the vehicles in Brazzaville are taxis. Kinshasa, DRC, had more than 10 million inhabitants in 2014. Brazzaville features a tropical wet and dry climate. Ces dynamiques expriment un changement de paradigme radical que l'on met en perspective au regard du rapport entre africanité et pluralisation religieuse qui se donne à voir, depuis quelques années, dans ces deux champs religieux. Brazzaville is located in Republic of the Congo with (-4.2661,15.2832) coordinates and Kinshasa is located in Democratic Republic of the Congo with (-4.3276,15.3136) coordinates. The patterns of liberation and deliverance that can be discerned here reflect forms of identity politics in which Africanity, in the ethnic and national sense, is not only a major issue, but a component that is increasingly associated with armed conflict. Challenges for the Electronics Industries, Advancing Human Rights in Transnational Business, Multidimensional Operations and the Issue of Cooperation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), The Interaction between the United Nations and the International Criminal Court, Peacekeeping and HLP Rights in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: Burundi, Rwanda, and DR Congo, A Comparative Survey and Proposal for Reform, Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006, Fragile States, Elites, and Rents in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Politics, Economics, and the Problems of Development, Developing security in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: MONUC as a practical example of (failing) collective security, Grappling in the Great Lakes: The challenges of international justice in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, Case concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), International and Comparative Law Quarterly. [15], Together with Kinshasa, the combined conurbation of Kinshasa-Brazzaville has about 12 million inhabitants. The city is a commune that is separated from the other regions of the republic; it is surrounded by the Pool Department. Brazzaville and Kinshasa are so close to each other that the two cities could be confused as being within the same country; geographically they are the two closest capital cities in the world. This is the only place in the world where two national capital cities developed on opposite banks of a river, within sight of each other. Brazzaville (French pronunciation: , Kongo: Balazavile; Teke: Ncuna) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo (Congo Republic). Taxis are available on every street and are easily recognized, being painted with a green body and white top, and the fare for a short trip is CF700. The resulting Brazzaville Declaration represented an attempt to redefine the relationship between France and its African colonies.[8]. [16][17], Since the mid-19th century, the two cities have been rivals in trade, sports and power. Since then, churches have been established by new immigrants and by local adoption of evangelical Protestantism. In 2018, with relative peace re-established in the region, the African Development Bank and Africa50 signed a deal with both governments to develop the project. The patterns of liberation and deliverance that can be discerned here reflect forms of identity politics in which Africanity, in the ethnic and national sense, is not only a major issue, but a component that is increasingly associated with … We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The term ‘Mboka Mundele’ (the village or country of the Whites) points to an experience of ‘colonial modernity’, and allows us to describe in objective terms the current urban context in which these ‘businessmen of God’ emerge. [25] The university was founded in December 1971 after independence. Fernando Kutino, Ntoumi, Yaucat Guendi et Ne Muanda Nsemi sont quatre figures politico-religieuses majeures dont on verra qu'elles incarnent une idéologie de l'africanité liée à des « magies » et à des processus de pluralisation complexes. From here they are generally sent onward to Pointe-Noire for export. [4], In March 2018, the "Brazzaville Declaration" was signed to promote better management and conservation of the Cuvette Centrale, a region in Congo basin and primarily in DRC. It is the world's largest tropical peatland, made up of swamp forests. There are also collective taxis that drive certain routes and charge CF150. Le corps du pouvoir en Afrique centrale (Congo, Gabon), Jeunesse, funérailles et contestation socio-politique en Afrique, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972016000012, http://mondesfrancophones.com/tag/articles/page/15/, A Critical Analysis of Human Rights Due Diligence Frameworks for Conflict Minerals. [8] Construction of the railway connecting to Pointe-Noire increased the ability of city businessmen to get their products to the port for export. During World War II, Brazzaville was also the capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942. The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 1.8 million residents, … Brazzaville (French pronunciation: ​[bʁazavil], Kongo: Balazavile; Teke: Ncuna) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo (Congo Republic). Mbamu, a large island within the Pool, is part of the Republic of Congo's territory.. Brazzaville is 506 kilometres (314 miles) inland from the Atlantic Ocean and approximately 474 kilometres (295 miles) south of the equator.The city is a commune that is separated from the other regions of the republic; it is … [4] There have been proposals to connect the two capitals by a Brazzaville–Kinshasa Bridge. Fernando Kutino, Ntoumi, Yaucat Guendi and Ne Muanda Nsemi are four major politico-religious figures who embody an ideology of Africanity related to complex types of ‘magic’ and processes of pluralization. The Republic of the Congo and the DRC might … The city served as the capital of France Libre from 1940–1943. To distinguish between the two African countries that have "Congo" in their names, the Republic of the Congo is sometimes called Congo-Brazzaville, as opposed to Congo-Kinshasa. With ever bigger ships, shipping companies prefer to use fewer ports. In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.[3]. The connected railways can share rolling stock which saves capital costs. The town is relatively flat, and situated at an altitude of 317 metres (1,040 feet). Published online by Cambridge University Press. Mbamu, a large island within the Pool, is part of the Republic of Congo's territory. If you want to go by car, the driving distance between Brazzaville and … Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is located on the southern bank of the Congo, directly across from Brazzaville. Brazzaville's driest months, July and August, on average have no significant precipitation. [18], Brazzaville, like Pointe-Noire, has the status of both a commune (municipality) and a department. [8] It continued as capital when French Equatorial Africa was founded in 1910, as a federation of French colonial states: it included Gabon, the Central African Republic, and Chad until 1960. During the 1990s, civil wars resulted in thousands of civilian deaths here and forced hundreds of thousands of refugees to flee the city. A minor detail would be to eventually unify couplers and brakes, etc., if not already compatible. It was connected through trade by ships and boats traveling upriver to inland areas, which produced raw materials from the beginning of the colonial period. The city is an important river port, with ferries sailing to Kinshasa and to Bangui via Impfondo. [24], The Marien Ngouabi University is a public university in Brazzaville, named after a former leader. Around the city are large plains. The location of Brazzaville near the pool of the Congo River enabled it to grow as an industrial, trading and port settlement. Conservation of this area is important for the survival of megafauna, and also critical to the world's climate. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). [21] Companies headquartered in Brazzaville include Equatorial Congo Airlines[22] and the mobile operator Warid Congo.[23]. Significative de l'expérience de la « modernité coloniale », l'expression Mboka Mundele (le village ou pays des Blancs) nous permettra d'objectiver le contexte urbain actuel au sein duquel émergent ces « hommes d'affaires de Dieu ». Significant political and infrastructure challenges prevent the two cities from functioning with any meaningful connection. It will allow people to drive directly from South Africa to Eastern Russia, becoming part of the longest driven road possible. A flight operates twice weekly between Brazzaville and Kinshasa, but the flight time is only five minutes. It is governed by a municipal council and a departmental council. The mayor is the president of the municipal council. The calculated flying distance from Brazzaville to Kinshasa is equal to 5 miles which is equal to 8 km.. Other buildings include the Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza Mausoleum, the Nabemba Tower, and the Congressional Palace (Brazzaville). Abstract views reflect the number of visits to the article landing page. This data will be updated every 24 hours. Since the late 20th century, the city has frequently been a staging ground for wars, including internal conflicts between rebel and government forces. [4] Ferries and fast private boats serve as the primary means of connection between Kinshasa and Brazzaville. [6], The Berlin Conference of 1884 placed French control over this area on an official footing. Demart and Tonda supplementary material Demart and Tonda supplementary material. Map of the Republic of Congo showing Brazzaville. Cost of maintenance would be an ongoing stress on both countries' budgets. [1][2] The project has proceeded intermittently, but work is slated to begin in August 2020 after receiving a $210m loan from the African Development Bank. Christian churches are most prevalent in the city, where the Roman Catholic Church has an Archdiocese. ", This page was last edited on 23 September 2020, at 20:44. The rail gauge on both sides is the same at 1067mm. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). This page was last edited on 8 August 2020, at 15:51. The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 1.8 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The projection of the CNSEE (national statistics centre) estimated an increase to 1.7 million by 2015,[14] but the projection was made before 2007 and was based on a lower estimate of the population (1.26 million) than that recorded in the census. Why you should visit Kinshasa, DRC. [19], The city is divided into nine arrondissements (boroughs):[20]. Its wet season, which runs from October–May, is longer than its dry season, which covers the remaining months. (1929) "Le Sergent Sénégalais Malamine. * Views captured on Cambridge Core between . The city became the capital of the French Congo in 1904. It has been a base of conflicts between forces of the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Angola. [9] In 1944, Brazzaville hosted a meeting of the French resistance forces and representatives of France's African colonies. Until the 1960s, the city was divided into European (the centre of the city) and African sections (Poto-Poto, Bacongo, and Makélékélé). More recently thousands of people leaving the DRC have made their way to Brazzaville; the local United Nations force and the DRC government have accused the city of deporting thousands of these refugees. Erell, a highly regarded architect, also designed a house in the city for Charles de Gaulle when he was the leader of Free France here. Construction of the railway resulted in the deaths of more than 17,000 Africans, and the people revolted against the French in 1928. How far is it between Brazzaville and Kinshasa. As of the 2007 census, the city had a population of 1.37 million. The World Health Organization has its regional office for Africa located in Brazzaville. [11][12], In April 2016 fighting occurred between police and local militia units, with at least 18 people killed.[13].