[183] The Adriatic coastline controlled by the Ottoman Empire was reduced by the Congress of Berlin in 1878, through recognition of the independence of the Principality of Montenegro, which controlled the coast south of the Bay of Kotor to the Bojana River. [167], Another city on the Italian coast of the Adriatic that increased in importance during the Roman era was Ravenna. The islands of Cres and the adjacent Lošinj are separated only by a narrow navigable canal dug in the time of classical antiquity;[23] the original single island was known to the Greeks as Apsyrtides. [13] Around thirty species of fish are found in only one or two countries bordering the Adriatic Sea. All rights reserved. Drifting waste—occasionally relatively large quantities of material, especially waste plastic—is transported northwest by the sirocco. For other uses, see, Body of water between the Italian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula, *Beds in all collective accommodation facilities; includes "Hotel beds" figure also shown separately, Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the. (partie de la mer Méditerranée) the Adriatic Sea, the Adriatic n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [275] In 2010, the Northern Adriatic seaports of Trieste, Venice, Ravenna, Koper and Rijeka founded the North Adriatic Ports Association to position themselves more favourably in the EU's transport systems. Les difficultés dues à la chute du régime communiste albanais et à la crise albanaise de 1997 entraînent un exode maritime de dizaines de milliers d'Albanais vers les ports italiens[4]. Montenegro is also expected to look for oil off its coast. 8), p. 121-142. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mer_Adriatique&oldid=174722805, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [111] The Torre del Cerrano protected area was created in 2009, extending 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) into the sea and along 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) of coastline. It exports inorganic nutrients and imports particulate organic carbon and nitrogen through the Strait of Otranto—acting as a mineralization site. [271][272][273][274] The largest seaport in Montenegro is the Port of Bar. The sea is abundant in flora and fauna—more than 7,000 species are identified as native to the Adriatic, many of them endemic, rare and threatened ones. [148] Air pollution in the Adriatic Basin is associated with the large industrial centres in the Po River valley and the large industrial cities along the coast. [128] It is also the northernmost point of growth of some Mediterranean plant species. [123][124] The Sečovlje Salina Landscape Park was established in 1990, covers 721 hectares (1,780 acres), and includes four nature reserves. [39] Such unusually high tides resulting in flooding have also been observed elsewhere in the Adriatic Sea, and have been recorded in recent years in the towns of Koper, Zadar and Šibenik as well. Last 300 years. Karstification there largely began after the Dinarides' final uplift in the Oligocene and the Miocene, when carbonate deposits were exposed to atmospheric effects; this extended to the level of 120 metres (390 ft) below the present sea level, exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum. Find more French words at wordhippo.com! Italy and Albania agreed on their maritime boundary in 1992. [8] The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the boundary between the Adriatic and the Ionian seas as a line running from the Butrinto River's mouth (latitude 39°44'N) in Albania to the Karagol Cape in Corfu, through this island to the Kephali Cape (these two capes are in latitude 39°45'N), and on to the Santa Maria di Leuca Cape (latitude 39°48'N). [197] The Venetian territory was then handed over to Austria and briefly ruled as part of the Archduchy of Austria. Venice, which was originally built on islands off the coast, is most at risk due to subsidence, but the threat is present in the Po delta as well. Everything you need to know about life in a foreign country. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. Italian fisheries, including those operating outside the Adriatic, employed 60,700 in the primary sector, including aquaculture (which comprises 40% of the total fisheries production). [50], The predominant winter winds are the bora and sirocco (called jugo along the eastern coast). [168] During the 4th century AD the emperors of the Western Roman Empire had moved their official residence north from Rome to Mediolanum (now Milan) in order to be better able to control the military frontier with the Germanic tribes. [194], In 1648, the Holy Roman Empire lost its claim on its former Italian lands, formally ending the Kingdom of Italy; however, its only outlet on the Adriatic Sea, the Duchy of Ferrara, was already lost to the Papal States. [234] Following Croatian EU membership, the Adriatic became an internal sea of the EU. [45] Another significant contributor of freshwater to the Adriatic is the submarine groundwater discharge through submarine springs (Croatian: vrulja); it is estimated to comprise 29% of the total water flux into the Adriatic. [291], "Adriatic" redirects here. The Adriatic Sea (/ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans. The Byzantines established the Exarchate of Ravenna and by 553 AD their viceroy (Exarch) ruled almost the entire Italian peninsula from that city. [32] The smooth Italian coast (with very few protrusions and no major islands) allows the Western Adriatic Current to flow smoothly, which is composed of the relatively freshwater mass on the surface and the cold and dense water mass at the bottom. In Italy, these are Miramare in the Gulf of Trieste (in the Northern Adriatic), Torre del Cerrano and Isole Tremiti in the Middle Adriatic basin and Torre Guaceto in southern Apulia. In the Adriatic's southernmost areas the border was not determined in order to avoid prejudicing the location of the tripoint with the Albanian continental shelf border, which remains undefined. The latter led to the annexation of a large part of Dalmatia and nearly all the eastern Adriatic islands by Italy and the establishment of two puppet states, the Independent State of Croatia and the Kingdom of Montenegro, which controlled the remainder of the former Yugoslav Adriatic coast. [191] These defeats spelled the end of an independent Hungarian kingdom, and both Croatian and Hungarian nobility chose Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg as their new ruler, bringing the Habsburg Monarchy to the shore of the Adriatic Sea, where it would remain for nearly four hundred years. [52][53] The Southern Adriatic is about 8 to 10 °C (14 to 18 °F) warmer during the winter than the more northerly regions. [119] Telašćica is a nature park established on Dugi Otok in 1988. The Adriatic Euroregion consists of 23 members: the Apulia, Molise, Abruzzo, Marche, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions of Italy; the municipality of Izola in Slovenia; the Istria, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Lika-Senj, Zadar, Šibenik-Knin, Split-Dalmatia and Dubrovnik-Neretva counties of Croatia; the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of Bosnia–Herzegovina; the municipalities of Kotor and Tivat in Montenegro; the Fier, Vlorë, Tirana, Shkodër, Durrës and Lezhë counties of Albania; and the Greek prefectures of Thesprotia and Corfu. mer Adriatique homonymie - « Adriatique », voir ici. [88] There are more than 20 other rivers flowing into the Adriatic Sea in Italy alone, also forming alluvial coastlines,[89] including the lagoons of Venice, Grado and Caorle. [27] The IHO boundary places the Diapontia Islands (northwest of Corfu) in the Adriatic Sea. Oil spills are a major concern in terms of potential environmental impact and damage to tourism and fisheries. Copyright © by HarperCollins Publishers. [9][28], Exclusive economic zones in Adriatic Sea :[29], The Adriatic Sea's average depth is 259.5 metres (851 ft), and its maximum depth is 1,233 metres (4,045 ft); however, the North Adriatic basin rarely exceeds a depth of 100 metres (330 ft). [109], All countries along the Adriatic coast, except Albania and Bosnia–Herzegovina, take part in the Blue Flag beach certification programme (of the Foundation for Environmental Education), for beaches and marinas meeting strict quality standards including environmental protection, water quality, safety and services criteria. [186] Still, the 1381 Treaty of Turin that ended the war required Venice to renounce claims to Dalmatia, after losing the territory to Hungary in 1358. [34], The normal tide levels are known to increase significantly in a conducive environment, leading to coastal flooding; this phenomenon is most famously known in Italy—especially Venice—as acqua alta. The thermal springwater is rich with hydrogen sulfide, has a temperature of 22 to 29.6 °C (71.6 to 85.3 °F), and has enabled the development of specific ecosystems. [77] In the last 600 years, fifteen tsunamis have occurred in the Adriatic Sea. [158][160] Following the repression of the revolt the Roman province of Illyricum was split into Dalmatia and Pannonia. All successor states of former Yugoslavia accepted the agreements. The total fisheries output's gross value in 2002 was $1.9 billion. Au sud, la mer Adriatique est reliée à la mer Ionienne par le canal d'Otrante d'une largeur de 72 km. Son seul jumeau encore existant, Vagrant, navigue dans l'Adriatique. The site of maximum depth of the Adriatic Sea is situated south of the central area; average depth is 1,457 feet (444 metres). Read our series of blogs to find out more. mer Adriatique \mɛ.ʁ‿a.dʁi.ja.tik\ féminin singulier Partie de la Méditerranée située à l’est de la botte italienne. The Strait of Otranto at its southeasterly limit links it with the Ionian Sea. La pêche et le tourisme sont les activités économiques principales le long des côtes adriatiques. Examples from the eastern Adriatic Coast (Croatia)", "New Fault Found in Europe; May "Close Up" Adriatic Sea", "Surface and subsurface karst geomorphology in the Murge (Apulia, Southern Italy)", "Zavarovano območje narave: Krajinski park Strunjan / Area prottetta: Parco naturale di Strugnano", "Geological processes in the Anthropocene: the Po River Delta", "Ecological indicators of estuarine features on hard substrata in the large North Adriatic lagoons", "Rapid assessment of the Ecological Value of the Bojana-Buna Delta", "The Neretva Delta: Green Pearl of Coastal Croatia", Status and Conservation of Cetaceans in the Adriatic Sea, "Fin whales in the Adriatic - Tethys Research Institute", "Incontro ravvicinato nel Mar Adriatico con uno squalo di 8 metri", "On the presence of basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus)in the Mediterranean Sea", "Jadransko more je puno morskih pasa, kitova, kornjača i dupina", Ancient whale exploitation in the Mediterranean: species matters, "Fourth national report of the Republic of Croatia to the Convention on Biological Diversity", "The potential of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Mediterranean Sea – Case study report: The Adriatic Sea", "Marine protected areas in Slovenia: How far are we from the 2012/2020 target?
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