Salle de Marengo (Palais de Versailles) E. Lamy (French, active 1860s - 1870s) 84.XC.979.9980. Each lobe of the island contained simple fountain; access to the island was obtained by two swing bridges. They took weapons from the city armory, besieged the Palace, and compelled the King and Royal family and the members of the National Assembly to return with them to Paris the following day. With the exception of the state visit of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1855, at which time the gardens were a setting for a gala fête that recalled the fêtes of Louis XIV, Napoléon III ignored the château, preferring instead the château of Compiègne (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). [80] Over one thousand citrus trees, palms, Oleanders, Pomegranate and Olive trees, along with other tender plants, are housed inside the walls of the Orangerie during the winter; they are taken out onto the parterre bas from mid-May until mid-October. [109] Accordingly, all materials that went into the construction and decoration of Versailles were manufactured in France. Other resolutions: 180 × 240 pixels | 360 × 480 pixels | 576 × 768 pixels | 768 × 1,024 pixels | 2,112 × 2,816 pixels. 1693, "Le théâtre d'eau-vue de l'amphithéâtre" by Jean Cotelle, ca. The twenty-four crystal chandeliers were hung only for special occasions. Emperor Napoleon III used the Palace on occasion as a stage for grand ceremonies. In this year it was proposed to divert the water of the Eure river, located 160 km. "Commentaires anglais du XVIIe siècle sur le parc de Versailles. (Lighthart, 1997; Mâle, 1927). The museum was begun in 1833 and inaugurated on 30 June 1837. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), Owing to the many modifications made to the gardens between the 17th and the 19th centuries, many of the bosquets have undergone multiple modifications, which were often accompanied by name changes. Located at the junction of the Grand Canal and the junction of the northern transversal branch, Little Venice housed the caravels and yachts that were received from The Netherlands and the gondolas and gondoliers received as gifts from the Doge of Venice, hence the name. In 1830, the bosquet was replanted at which time the fountains were suppressed. Between 1704 and 1709, bosquets were modified, some quite radically, with new names suggesting the new austerity that characterized the latter years of Louis XIV's reign. The marvel of the gardens of Versailles – then as now – is the fountains. These buildings had nearly-flat roofs covered with lead. Both suites had ceilings painted with scenes from mythology; the King's ceilings featured male figures, the Queen's featured females. The gardens of Louis XIII required water and local ponds provided an adequate supply. The bosquet was renamed the Grotte des Bains d'Apollon (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In their history, the gardens of Versailles have undergone no less than five major replantations, which have been executed for practical and aesthetic reasons. This article often employs shortened footnotes. He died there on September 1, 1715. "Ein Kascadenprojekt für Versailles. [4], With Louis XIII's final purchase of lands from Jean-François de Gondi in 1632 and his assumption of the seigneurial role of Versailles in the 1630s, formal gardens were laid out west of the château. With the completion of the Grand Canal in 1671, which served as drainage for the fountains of the garden, water, via a system of windmills, was pumped back to the reservoir on top of the Grotte de Thétys. The plot centres on a triangular relationship: the king, his landscape architect and garden For the city of Versailles, see, The hunting lodge and château of Louis XIII, Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution, 19th century - history museum and government venue, The Parterre d'Eau and the Parterre and Fountain of Latona, Fountain of the Chariot of Apollo and the Grand Canal, North Parterre, Dragon Basin, and Basin of Neptune, Modern Political and ceremonial functions, Under Louis XIV the garden and park were enlarged further, eventually reaching 2,473. [39], Starting in the 1950s, when the museum of Versailles was under the directorship of Gérald van der Kemp, the objective was to restore the palace to its state – or as close to it as possible – in 1789 when the royal family left the palace. On the ground floor under the King's apartment was another apartment, the same size, designed for his private life, and decorated on the theme of Apollo, the Sun god, his personal emblem. 1693, "Bosquet de l'Étoile ou la Montagne d'eau" by Jean Cotelle, ca. p. 333. Salle la création de l'académie de Peinture et de sculpture, (II) ANR.01.011, Salle du XVII, Aile du Nord - RDC, Château de Versailles, France, 2007. 85.1 x 108.9 cm. The square shaped building, with each façade different, was a prototype of Neoclassicism in France. The auction took place between 25 August 1793 and 11 August 1794. Transdniester, Moldova. However, with an eye on economy, Louis XVI ordered the palissades – the labour-intensive clipped hedging that formed walls in the bosquets – to be replaced with rows of lime trees or chestnut trees. The central painting on the ceiling, by Charles de la Fosse, depicts the Sun Chariot of Apollo, the King's favorite emblem, pulled by four horses and surrounded by the four seasons. Invictus SARL / Alamy Stock Photo. [71] The main statuary group of Latona with Diana and Apollo was created between 1668 and 1670 by the sculptor Gaspard Marsy and originally placed on a modest foundation of rocks in the middle of the basin. From its conception, this fountain was conceived as an allegory of Louis XIV's victory over the Fronde. [42], In 2003, a new restoration initiative – the "Grand Versailles" project – was started, which began with the replanting of the gardens, which had lost over 10,000 trees during Hurricane Lothar on 26 December 1999. The Palace of Versailles (/ vɛərˈsaɪ, vɜːrˈsaɪ / vair-SY, vur-SY; French: Château de Versailles [ʃɑto d (ə) vɛʁsɑj] (listen)) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI. Daily services, wedding ceremonies, and baptisms were held in this chapel until 1789. Even the mirrors used in the decoration of the Hall of Mirrors were made in France. Other painters featured include Horace Vernet and François Gérard. QUT Digital Collections. Image ID: AA1FE6. The growing anger in Paris led to the Women's March on Versailles on 5 October 1789. Down a stairway from the Parterre d'Eau is the Latona Fountain, created in 1670, illustrating the story of Latona taken from the Metamorphoses of Ovid. However, there are areas missing a bit more of it me think. Jonas Bendiksen. On the ceiling in a gilded oval frame is another painting by Houasse, Venus subjugating the Gods and Powers (1672-1681). While this system solved some of the water supply problems, there was never enough water to keep all of the fountains running in the garden in full-play all of the time (Thompson, 2006). Mansart also built the Petites Écuries and Grandes Écuries (stables) across the Place d'Armes, on the eastern side of the château. At this time the bosquet was rechristened Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon. Due to storm damage in the park in 1990 and then again in 1999, the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines was restored and reinaugurated on 12 June 2004 (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Beginning with the Galerie des Antiques,[35] this bosquet was constructed in 1680 on the site of the earlier and short-lived Galerie d'Eau (1678). [19], The King increasingly spent his days in Versailles, and the government, court, and courtiers, numbering six to seven thousand persons, crowded into the buildings. Administered by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, an autonomous public entity operating under the aegis of the French Ministry of Culture, the gardens are now one of the most visited public sites in France, receiving more than six million visitors a year. Beyond the channel and placed at the cardinal points within the bosquet were four additional fountains. Between 9,000–10,000 troops were pressed in service in 1685; the next year, more than 20,000 soldiers were engaged in construction. [8] He decided to rebuild, embellish and enlarge the château and to transform it into a setting for both rest and for elaborate entertainments on a grand scale. ", Pinatel, Christine. 215–229. ", Waltisperger, Chantal. [13] Occupying the site of Rondeau/Bassin des Cygnes of Louis XIII, the Apollo Fountain, which was constructed between 1668 and 1671, depicts the sun god driving his chariot to light the sky. Destroyed in 1752, the staircase was the entrance to the King's Apartments and was the official grand entrance into the Chateau, specifically intended to astonish and impress foreign dignitaries. [104] The president of the National Assembly has an official apartment at the Palace of Versailles. This system brought an additional 72,000 m3 of water to the gardens (Thompson, 2006). In 1817, Louis XVIII ordered the conversion of the Île du Roi and the Miroir d'Eau into an English-style garden – the Jardin du Roi. Le Vau's design for the state apartments closely followed Italian models of the day, including the placement of the apartments on the main floor (the piano nobile, the next floor up from the ground level), a convention the architect borrowed from Italian palace design.[51]. Initially, Versailles was planned to be an occasional residence for Louis XIV and was referred to as the "king's house". 1693, "Salle des Festins ou Salle du Conseil" by Étienne Allegrain, ca. The new wing was completed in 1780.[25]. The most recent replantations of the gardens were precipitated by two storms that battered Versailles in 1990 and then again in 1999. [13][14] These items were melted down in 1689 to contribute to the cost of fighting the Nine Years' War. The National Assembly held its meetings in the Opera House. 1693, "Bassin de l'Encélade" Jean Cotelle, ca. What can I say when you are lucky enough to lived there for almost 10 years and worked in Paris.… Well I have come back several times and have many posts on it in my blog. Known as an "English Place" (Lieu à l'Anglaise), the flush toilet was supplied with water from an overhead tank and emptied into a ground level drain, preventing lingering odors. As of 4 April 2008, silver has been trading in New York at US$17.83 an ounce. In 1704, three additional entrances to the Colonnade were added, which reduced the number of fountains from thirty-one to twenty-eight. "Réflexions sur la genèse du jardin français classique et de son décor. The bosquet was completely remodeled in 1704 at which time it was rechristened Bosquet de l'Étoile (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). 336–339; Maral 2010, pp. They were originally designed to be viewed from the terrace on the west side of the palace, and to create a grand perspective that reached to the horizon, illustrating the king's complete dominance over nature. [40] After the war when Soviet authorities were restoring the palace, which had been gutted by the retreating Nazi forces, they recreated the silk fabrics by using preserved 18th-century remnants. Prior to his marriage with Marie-Louise in 1810, he had the Grand Trianon restored and refurnished as a springtime residence for himself and his family, in the style of furnishing that it is seen today. The King wished a quiet place to relax away from the ceremony of the Court. The theater was reopened in 1957, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Owing largely to the topology of the land, the English esthetic was abandoned and the gardens replanted in the French style. (Nolhac 1901, 1925) The Orangery, which was designed by Louis Le Vau, was located south of the château, a situation that took advantage of the natural slope of the hill. The northern bosquet was rebuilt in 1696 as the Bosquet du Dauphin with a fountain that featured a dolphin. [95], The Petit Trianon was created between 1763 and 1768 by Ange-Jacques Gabriel for Louis XV. The Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1685 with a ball hosted by the Grand Dauphin. Consequently, because furniture with a royal provenance – and especially furniture that was made for Versailles – is a highly sought after commodity on the international market, the museum has spent considerable funds on retrieving much of the palace's original furnishings. The coronation Room was decorated by King Louis-Philippe for … Bosquet of the Salle de Bal, contemporary view. The galerie was completely remodeled in 1704 when the statues were transferred to Marly and the bosquet was replanted with horse chestnut trees (Aesculus hippocastanum) – hence the current name Salle des Marronniers (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). While the design used for the chambre du roi was, in fact, from the original design to decorate the chambre de la reine, it nevertheless represents a great achievement in the ongoing restoration at Versailles. Edition 2/10. They were set aside for the personal use of Louis XIV in 1683. [81] In 1681, construction commenced on the Machine de Marly at Bougival; the machine consisted of 14 paddle wheels powered by the currents of the Seine. Its formal title is the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles Since 1995, it has been run as a Public Establishment, with an independent administration and management supervised by the French Ministry of Culture. Existing bosquets and parterres were expanded and new ones created. The ceiling paintings by the Flemish artist Jean Baptiste de Champaigne depicts the god Mercury in his chariot, drawn by a rooster, and Alexander the Great and Ptolemy surrounded by scholars and philosophers. The longest of these is the main south-facing gallery, at over 500 ft. (150 meters) from end to end and 47 ft. (13 meters) in height from floor to ceiling. La Colonnade with the "Abduction of Persephone" by François Girardon. [108], To counter the costs of Versailles during the early years of Louis XIV's personal reign, Colbert decided that Versailles should be the "showcase" of France. Originally designed in 1671 as two separate water features, the larger – Île du Roi – contained an island that formed the focal point of a system of elaborate fountains. Open Content images tend to be large in file-size. Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, marquis de. Owing to the proximity of the Seine to Versailles, a project was proposed to raise the water from the river to be delivered to Versailles. The new theater was completed in time for the celebration of the wedding of the Dauphin, the future Louis XVI, and Archduchess Marie Antoinette of Austria. [44] This involves restoring some of the parterres like the Parterre du Midi to their original formal layout, as they appeared under Le Nôtre. [46] Covered by around a million square feet (10 hectares) of roof, the palace has 2,143 windows, 1,252 chimneys, and 67 staircases.[47]. Hardouin-Mansart died in 1708 and so the chapel was completed by his assistant Robert de Cotte in 1710.[22]. "Sur la restauration de quelques sculptures du parc du Versailles. Expenditures on Versailles have been recorded in the compendium known as the Comptes des bâtiments du roi sous le règne de Louis XIV and which were edited and published in five volumes by Jules Guiffrey in the 19th century. (Thompson 2006), Parterre d'Eau This salon was used for serving light meals during evening receptions. Bassin des Sapins Fujicolor Crystal Archive Print mounted to Dibond. [26] Louis XVI gave Marie Antoinette the Petit Trianon in 1774. About the work. Find art you love and shop high-quality art prints, photographs, framed artworks and posters at Art.com. Versailles - Château de Versailles - Salle du Sacre - column in Sèvres porcelain. Salle de Versailles A stunning Old World atmosphere is evoked with a foyer and ballroom that are embellished with hand-painted gold-leafed walls, Venetian-inspired murals, crystal chandeliers and marble floors. As of 2008, this bosquet is in the process of being restored (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In the area now occupied by the Hameau de la Reine, Louis XV constructed and maintained les jardins botaniques – the botanical gardens. The roof of the grotto supported a reservoir that stored water pumped from the Clagny pond and which fed the fountains lower in the garden via gravity. In 1672, Jean-Baptiste Colbert devised a system by which the fountaineers in the garden would signal each other with whistles upon the approach of the king indicating that their fountain needed to be turned on. Cette salle fut ensuite élargie à un ensemble plus vaste: les salles de Constantine, du Maroc et de la Smalah. The capacity of the Pompe – 600 m3 of water per day – alleviated some of the water shortages in the garden (Thompson, 2006). (Marie, 1984; Thompson, 2006). The grove was the last made ​​before the installation of Louis XIV at Versailles. 1693, "Bosquet du Marais" by Jean Cotelle, ca. Galerie d'Eau - Galerie des Antiques - Salle des Marronniers [15][16][17], Le Brun also supervised the design and installation of countless statues in the gardens. Ayers 2004, pp. The Orangerie is located beneath the main terrace of the palace, on which the North and South Parterres rest. It is this final version of the fountain that one sees today at Versailles. [39] Citing repair and maintenance costs, Louis XVI ordered the Labyrinthe demolished in 1778. This was achieved in the Parterre de Latone in 2013, when the 19th century lawns and flower beds were torn up and replaced with boxwood-enclosed turf and gravel paths to create a formal arabesque design. "L'univers de Le Nostre et les origines de l'aménagement du territoire. ", Lighthart, Edward. Other notable groves include Les Dômes, the Bosquet d'Encelade (after Enceladus, c. 1675), the Théâtre d'Eau (Water Theater), and the Bains d'Apollon (Baths of Apollo). She was at the Petit Trianon in July 1789 when she first heard the news from Paris of the storming of the Bastille and the beginning of the French Revolution. Île du Roi - Miroir d'Eau - Jardin du Roi Had the aqueduct been completed, some 50,000 m3 of water would have been sent to Versailles – more than enough to solve the water problem of the gardens (Thompson, 2006). Initially he added two wings to the forecourt, one for servants quarters and kitchens, the other for stables. The revolts of the Fronde – the word fronde also means slingshot – have been regarded as the origin of the use of the term "mud slinging" in a political context. This was a picturesque collection of buildings modeled after a rural French hamlet, where the Queen and her courtiers could play at being peasants. Salle de la Smalah, Chateau de Versailles. The creation of the German Empire, combining Prussia and the surrounding German states under William I, was formally proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors on January 18, 1871. Once completed in 1677, the Labyrinthe contained thirty-nine fountains with 333 painted metal animal sculptures. Some of the early groves were altered beyond recognition by later monarchs, but the most famous bosquets, Le Nôtre's Salle de Bal (literally, "ballroom"), also known as the Bosquet des Rocailles (c. 1685), and Hardouin-Mansart's Bosquet de la Colonnade, have both been restored to the way they were under Louis XIV. The decoration includes several paintings set into the paneling, including a self-portrait of Antony Van Dyck.[61]. Not far from the Petit Trianon she had the Rock Pavilion constructed, and added the classical rotunda of the Temple of Love, built in 1777. On weekends from late spring to early autumn, the administration of the museum sponsors the Grandes Eaux – spectacles during which all the fountains in the gardens are in full play. In recent years, eleven rooms on the ground floor between the Chapel and the Opera have been turned into a history of the palace, with audiovisual displays and models. In 1722, Louis XV and the court returned to Versailles. [91], Most of Versailles' inhabitants used communal latrines located throughout the palace, off the main galleries or at the end of the residential corridors on the upper floors. [36] Located in a secluded section of the garden west of the Orangerie, this bosquet was designed as an amphitheater that featured a cascade – the only one surviving in the gardens of Versailles. The Peace Salon; Louis XV sharing benefits of peace by François Lemoyne, The Galerie des Glaces or Hall of Mirrors, Guerdirons or candle holders in the Hall of Mirrors, Relief of Louis XIV in the Salon of War, by Antoine Coysevox (1715). Under the Queen's apartment was the apartment of the Grand Dauphin, the heir to the throne. In 1761, Louis XV commissioned Ange-Jacques Gabriel to build the Petit Trianon as a residence that would allow him to spend more time near the jardins botaniques. The King purchased the surrounding territory from the Gondi family and in 1631–1634 had the architect Philibert Le Roy replace the hunting lodge with a château of brick and stone with classical pilasters in the doric style and high slate-covered roofs, surrounding the courtyard of the original hunting lodge. This is the case with a nice living room of … Started in 1664 and finished in 1670 with the installation of the statuary by the Gilles Guérin, François Girardon, Thomas Regnaudin, Gaspard Marsy, and Balthazar Marsy, the grotto[11] formed an important symbolic and technical component to the gardens.